Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases comprise a large and heterogeneous group of conditions that primarily affect the lung tissue itself—namely the alveoli, interstitium, and smallest blood vessels. These include interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary fibrosis. A common feature is that inflammatory or fibrotic changes impair the elasticity of the lungs and hinder gas exchange. Patients often experience increasing shortness of breath, dry cough, and reduced physical capacity. Many of these diseases are chronic and progressive, and their causes are often complex or not yet fully understood. Accordingly, there is a high need for research to better understand disease mechanisms and to develop new therapeutic options.

Within the BREATH research network, scientists investigate the biological processes that lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma. A central focus lies on analyzing cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in the transformation of healthy lung tissue into functionally impaired scar tissue. Both genetic factors and the influence of environmental exposures, aging, and comorbidities are taken into account. Pediatric pulmonology works closely with adult pulmonology to study disease mechanisms and progression across the entire lifespan. Hannover is also involved in the international chILD registry, which systematically collects and analyzes data on rare interstitial lung diseases in children.

In addition, BREATH researchers study the pronounced clinical diversity of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases in order to better classify different disease trajectories. The goal is to identify biomarkers that enable earlier diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and more individualized treatment strategies. Clinical and translational studies evaluate new pharmacological approaches as well as strategies to slow disease progression. Through the close integration of experimental research, clinical expertise, and health services research, BREATH contributes to improving long-term care for patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.